انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة من ليبيا القطاعية والإقليمية (1990–2020)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65419/albahit.v4i2.82الكلمات المفتاحية:
انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة، ليبيا، ثاني أكسيد الكربون، تغير المناخ، الطاقة المتجددة، الزراعة المستدامة، إدارة النفاياتالملخص
تُعد انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة الناتجة عن الأنشطة البشرية المسبب الرئيسي لظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري، التي تؤدي إلى تغير المناخ العالمي. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل تطور انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة في ليبيا خلال الفترة (1990–2020)، مع التركيز على التوزيع القطاعي (الطاقة، الصناعة، النفايات، الزراعة) ومساهمة الغازات الرئيسية (CO₂، CH₄، N₂O). أظهرت النتائج أن قطاع الطاقة يُعد المصدر الأكبر للانبعاثات بنسبة تفوق 90%، مع هيمنة واضحة لثاني أكسيد الكربون (97.63%) على إجمالي الانبعاثات. كما تبين أن معدلات النمو السنوية للانبعاثات في ليبيا أقل من المتوسط الإقليمي والعالمي، مع استقرار أو تراجع طفيف في الانبعاثات خلال الفترة الأخيرة (2011–2020) نتيجة للظروف الاقتصادية والسياسية. توصي الدراسة بتطوير سياسات مستدامة تشمل التحول إلى الطاقة المتجددة، تحسين كفاءة استخدام الوقود الأحفوري، تعزيز إدارة النفايات، تبني ممارسات زراعية مستدامة، وإنشاء نظام وطني لرصد الانبعاثات. كما تدعو إلى تعزيز التعاون الإقليمي والدولي للاستفادة من التمويلات والمبادرات المناخية العالمية.
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