Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Multi-Interface Smart Home Automation System for Libyan Households Using Raspberry Pi

Abstract

Home automation systems have become essential for improving comfort, security, and energy efficiency in modern households. Unlike conventional smart home systems that rely solely on internet connectivity, the proposed system introduces a GSM-based fallback communication mechanism to ensure reliable operation under unstable network conditions common in developing regions. This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent low-cost home automation system tailored for Libyan households using Raspberry Pi and an Android application. The proposed system integrates multiple communication interfaces, including a mobile application, web interface, and GSM-based communication, to ensure flexible and reliable remote access. Raspberry Pi acts as the central controller, interfacing with sensors and actuators via GPIO pins and executing real-time control using the Python programming language. A security subsystem based on a PIR motion sensor and a camera module is implemented to detect intrusions and send SMS alerts. Experimental results demonstrate fast response time (120–280 ms), high reliability (98%), and accurate control of home appliances. The proposed system provides a cost-effective, scalable, and robust solution suitable for developing environments.